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Japanese sword proportion
The Japanese samurai swords
The handle and the general Japan blade and the proportion is, handle with both hands gripping, PiSha powerful, the bending degree of control in matter dozen "(also called" living within "), or 16.7 mm in feng pointed, chopped here when the biggest strength, very accord with mechanics principle. "House" or back says "ridge" to resist attacks, there are flat, temples, three, four kinds of pills.
Editor this period of forging process
Japanese
sword in the mix on the set a high technology, the overall need to pass the knife labor system, quenching, grinding blade after that the knife work with white wooden scabbard to preserve the blade for sale with, and the handle, scabbard, tan with knife for another line when, by special metal (E) work decoration, and each has a teacher. Japan on the history of the knife labor each have factions, still have a plenty of aides in the name of the craftsman, exclusive. Detailed procedure is as follows:
steelmaking
Japanese sword of steel materials, known as and steel (わ こ う, Wakou) or jade steel (た ま は が ね, Tamahagane). Jade to traditional Japanese steel made by indigenous method. This is a low temperature steelmaking method, furnace temperature not over 1000 ℃. This method looks like the original, but compared with the high temperature of modern steelmaking method, can build up the quality ChunLiang good steel. But high temperature build up the steel is soft, easy to build forming, and low temperature build up the steel harder, more difficult to build, can say to make Japanese sword is human intensive fortification, sweat is the product for samurai swords
Quality. According to different regions, different genres, the difference in how much steel components. Generally jade steel contains composition as shown in the table. Jade steel ingredients (period of world war ii: the iron 98.12%-95.22% to 3.00%-0.10% carbon manganese bronze 1.54% 0.11% 0.05% 0.04% 0.02% tungsten molybdenum titanium silicon condemn other trace
Pill forging 
"Pill forging" is a Japanese sword in the process of forging an important process, that is the first step of knives. That is the knife labor will steel material heated to a man and knock the forging, steel pieces open again after tapping fold knock the and so on and so on, make steel materials to extending. Usually anywhere knock the 7, 8 times, many are 20, 30 times, each time to knock the hundreds of the hammer. For example hammer to 10 times, there will be 1024 layers of steel. Through this process, will be the impurities such as sulfur in steel and excess carbon removal, etc, in order to increase flexibility and tenacity steel. This is like flour-rubbing general, knock the layer of more more, the carbon steel and the various ingredients will be more uniform samurai swords solution map
, the iron crystals may also be more careful, finally the hardere uniform quality steel, to thousands of layer, very tough, and ultimately become texture uniform steel material. Japanese sword on those unique pattern is such hammer out. The hammer forging many methods, such as the forging, wood, the short book was forging forging, MuYe forging, different pattern.
Water reduction
Namely quenching process, quenching the so-called heat treatment, Japan called water reduction (み ず へ し, Mizuheshi). From the point of view of modern material to learn, this step is a potter's control of the carbon steel knife technique. The knife labor will heat and hammer the thickness of the steel into flat for about 5 mm of chip. The seemingly simple process, actually otherwise, in order to control the carbon content of steel, heating time restrictions; And the hardness of the steel and in its renewal gradually cooling, the change. Only experienced the knife labor to grasp the strength of the hammer was change, in a limited amount of heating time of jade steel under a refined into uniform thickness chip. Pieces of steel after forming, knives, trade union water will be its rapid cooling. Can make the steel excess carbon part detachment. Make blade has good elasticity, blade hard not easy gap. The sword to the potter pieces of steel temperature and the amount of water is extremely accurate grasp of, can get the carbon content of the right materials.
Steel collocation
Japanese sword shape or the blade tip no matter in "circle" as the foundation modelling, the blade for arc mainly is the collocation of steel quenching and caused. First of all, the knife labor to carbon content and the blade of hard gold (は が ね, Hagane), skin iron objects (か わ が ね, Kawagane), will be the carbon content and soft heart less iron objects (し ん が ね, Shingane) wrap up, Japanese called made 込 (つ く り こ み, Tsukurikomi), the dual structure is a great characteristic of Japanese sword. The blade of the gold and make the skin iron objects and have appropriate blade hardness not bend. Since then spread to the stage to carbon amount and 焼 into the cooling speed of point and other parts of control the volume of the amount of inflation is poor, so that a strong point of compression stress, make more not easily
broken sword, and form the arc of the curved knife.
Grain delay
The shape of the sword will knock the extended into long strips, called the grain delay (す の べ, sunobe), at this stage in the prototype of the basic sword. This step, after the completion of the front part of the union will be knife cut off, to make a point.
spread
"Quenching [1]" finally a fire Smith sequence. The knife labor use first clay, charcoal, powder and stone powder modulation out burning blade soil (や き ば つ ち, Yakibatsuchi), then the blade of forming with burning blade TuBao closure. Blade covered is thinner, picks and the house would is thicker. Basically,
Japanese swordThe distribution of burning blade soil by the blade of the finished product, see some idea. Different schools of soil ingredients and burning blade modulation method also have different. Sealing good blade can be put in the 750 ℃ 760 ℃, the fire. The knife labor with experience of judgment by fire color furnace temperature, if more than 800 ℃ temperature above, it will affect the strength of the sword. After certain heating time, knives, potter will put them rapidly cooling water sword, the other a hardening procedure. Through this step more sharp knife become more hard, blade produce radian, knife surface create a layer of very strong "madden, crystal" or said "MaTian medium" (Martensite). The so-called madden, crystal (MaTian medium) in short, that is high temperature crystal structure for the sake of urgent cold, which is lock in carbon atoms of grain to produce "the firm" (Metastable) state, so there was a big crystal of the internal tension, cause "hard" effect. And after this step by the edge of the
sword and the border produce as sprinkle YinSha
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